GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF 2025: The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), is a national-level examination for undergraduate subjects in Engineering, Technology, Architecture, Science, Commerce, Arts, and Humanities, is set to return in 2025 as a computer-based test (CBT).
This year’s GATE will be organized by the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee and conducted in collaboration with IISc Bengaluru and seven IITs (IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Guwahati, IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras, and IIT Roorkee), under the aegis of the National Coordination Board – GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India (GoI).
In a recent announcement, IIT Roorkee has released the official GATE biotechnology syllabus for 2025. Aspiring candidates are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the detailed GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF 2025 to effectively prepare for the exam, which serves as a qualifying criterion for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Lectureship/Assistant Professor positions. The GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF 2025 provides comprehensive coverage of essential topics, their respective weights, and other critical highlights. For detailed information on the GATE biotechnology syllabus 2025, candidates can refer to the official document provided by IIT Roorkee.
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Exam Name | Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering |
| Short Exam Name | GATE |
| Managing By | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur |
| Exam Level | National |
| Languages | English |
| Mode of Application | Online |
| Application Fee (General) | 1500 |
| Mode of Exam | Online |
| Syllabus | General Aptitude, Engineering Mathematics, and core Biotechnology topics like Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, etc. |
| Participating Colleges | 1072 |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours |
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus: Section-wise Weightage
In the GATE Biotechnology exam, General Aptitude accounts for 15% of the total marks, while Engineering Mathematics and Biotechnology subjects make up the remaining 85%. Although the specific weightage of topics within each Biotechnology section can vary each year, a detailed analysis of past papers provides insights into the important topics. The following table summarizes the section-wise weightage, helping candidates focus on the key areas of the GATE Biotechnology syllabus.
| Section | Weightage Percentage | Number of Questions |
| Engineering Mathematics | 13-15% | 8-10 |
| General Biology | 10-12% | 6-8 |
| Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology | 10-12% | 6-8 |
| Fundamentals of Biological Engineering | 16-18% | 10-12 |
| Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology | 11-13% | 8-10 |
| Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology | 7-9% | 4-6 |
| Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology | 10-12% | 6-8 |
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF 2025 Download
The GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2025 has been released and includes key topics such as engineering mathematics, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular and cell biology, and engineering principles applied to biological systems. The syllabus is divided into seven main sections: Engineering Mathematics, General Biology, Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fundamentals of Biological Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology, Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology, and Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology.
By reviewing the syllabus, candidates can effectively manage their study plans and focus on the important topics as the exam date approaches. The detailed syllabus can be downloaded from the official GATE 2025 website at gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Aspiring candidates are encouraged to become well-versed in the complete biotechnology syllabus to prepare thoroughly for the upcoming exam.
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 1: Engineering Mathematics for the GATE Biotechnology exam, begin by understanding the fundamental concepts of each subtopic. For Linear Algebra, focus on mastering matrices, determinants, and systems of linear equations. In Calculus, ensure you can solve problems involving limits, continuity, partial derivatives, and series.
For Differential Equations, practice solving both first order and higher order ODEs and familiarize yourself with Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations as well as Laplace transforms. In Probability and Statistics, grasp the concepts of mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and different probability distributions, and practice correlation and regression analysis. For Numerical Methods, focus on techniques for solving algebraic equations and methods like trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule for integration. Consistent practice, solving previous years’ papers, and taking mock tests will help reinforce these concepts and improve problem-solving speed and accuracy.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Linear Algebra | Matrices and determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. |
| Calculus | Limits, continuity, and differentiability; Partial derivatives, maxima, and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence. |
| Differential Equations | Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs; Higher order ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms. |
| Probability and Statistics | Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal, and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis. |
| Numerical Methods | Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; Single step method for differential equations. |
Section 2: General Biology GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 2: General Biology for the GATE Biotechnology exam, begin with a clear understanding of fundamental concepts in each subtopic. For Biochemistry, focus on the structure and function of biomolecules, the intricacies of biological membranes, and the basics of metabolic pathways. For Enzymes, learn the classification and regulatory mechanisms, enzyme kinetics, and types of inhibition through detailed study and problem-solving.
In Microbiology, familiarize yourself with bacterial diversity, microbial ecology, and interactions, as well as viral structures and classifications, and key microbiological methods. For Immunology, grasp the basics of innate and adaptive immunity, antibody structures, and immune responses.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Biochemistry | Biomolecules – structure and function; Biological membranes – structure, membrane channels and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; Basic concepts and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids; Photosynthesis, respiration, and electron transport chain. |
| Enzymes | Classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics – Michaelis-Menten equation; Enzyme inhibition – competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition. |
| Microbiology | Bacterial classification and diversity; Microbial Ecology – microbes in marine, fresh water, and terrestrial ecosystems; Microbial interactions; Viruses – structure and classification; Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition; Nitrogen fixation; Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance. |
| Immunology | Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity; Antibody structure and function; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; T cell and B cell development; Antigen-antibody reaction; Complement; Primary and secondary lymphoid organs; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; Regulation of immune response; Immune tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction; Immunization and vaccines. |
Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology for the GATE Biotechnology exam, start by understanding fundamental principles and concepts in each subtopic. For Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, focus on Mendelian inheritance, gene interactions, chromosome mapping, and microbial genetics, while also exploring population genetics and evolutionary mechanisms.
In Cell Biology, familiarize yourself with the structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell cycle regulation, cell signaling pathways, and mechanisms of cell death. For Molecular Biology, study the molecular structure of genes, mechanisms of mutations, gene expression regulation, and processes like replication, transcription, and translation.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Genetics and Evolutionary Biology | Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination, and chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Microbial genetics – transformation, transduction, and conjugation; Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements; Chromosomal variation; Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution; Genetic drift; Species and speciation. |
| Cell Biology | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell-cell communication; Cell signaling and signal transduction; Post-translational modifications; Protein trafficking; Cell death and autophagy; Extra-cellular matrix. |
| Molecular Biology | Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis; Regulation of gene expression; Nucleic acid – replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair. |
Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering for the GATE Biotechnology exam, begin from Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems. In Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics, study the laws of thermodynamics, solution and phase equilibria, and the energetics of metabolic pathways.
For Transport Processes, understand the behavior of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid dynamics, mixing in bioreactors, and principles of heat transfer. Utilize textbooks, online courses, and academic resources to gain a comprehensive understanding of these concepts.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems | Material and energy balances for reactive and non-reactive systems; Recycle, bypass and purge processes; Stoichiometry of growth and product formation; Degree of reduction, electron balance and theoretical oxygen demand. |
| Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics | Laws of thermodynamics; Solution thermodynamics; Phase equilibria, reaction equilibria; Ligand binding; Membrane potential; Energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation and reduction reactions. |
| Transport Processes | Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow – laminar and turbulent; Mixing in bioreactors, mixing time; Molecular diffusion and film theory; Oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor, kLa and its measurement; Conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD, overall heat transfer coefficient; Heat exchangers. |
Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology for the GATE Biotechnology exam, begin by understanding the foundational principles and practical applications. For Bioreaction Engineering, focus on reaction kinetics, types of reactors, enzyme immobilization, and the kinetics of cell growth and product formation.
In Upstream and Downstream Processing, familiarize yourself with media formulation, sterilization techniques, various filtration methods, centrifugation, cell disruption, and chromatography principles. For Instrumentation and Process Control, understand the devices used for measuring pressure, temperature, and flow.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Bioreaction Engineering | Rate law, zero and first-order kinetics; Ideal reactors – batch, mixed flow, and plug flow; Enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects – Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkoehler number; Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization, and product formation; Structured and unstructured models; Batch, fed-batch, and continuous processes; Microbial and enzyme reactors; Optimization and scale up. |
| Upstream and Downstream Processing | Media formulation and optimization; Sterilization of air and media; Filtration – membrane filtration, ultrafiltration; Centrifugation – high speed and ultra; Cell disruption; Principles of chromatography – ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC; Extraction, adsorption, and drying. |
| Instrumentation and Process Control | Pressure, temperature, and flow measurement devices; Valves; First order and second order systems; Feedback and feed-forward control; Types of controllers – proportional, derivative, and integral control, tuning of controllers. |
Section 6: Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 6: Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology for the GATE Biotechnology exam, start by understanding the basic concepts and techniques used in each area. For Plants, focus on totipotency, tissue culture methodologies, production of secondary metabolites, and transgenic plant techniques. Study the methods of gene transfer, selection markers, and the importance of plant products.
For Animals, learn about culture media composition, cell culture techniques, stem cell technology, animal cloning, and the creation of transgenic animals. Understand the principles behind hybridoma technology and the kinetics of cell growth. In Microbes, focus on the production and purification of biomass, primary and secondary metabolites, and large-scale production of recombinant proteins.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Plants | Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture and cell suspension culture system – methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites; Hairy root culture; Plant products of industrial importance; Artificial seeds; Somaclonal variation; Protoplast, protoplast fusion – somatic hybrid and cybrid; Transgenic plants – direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; Selection marker and reporter gene; Plastid transformation. |
| Animals | Culture media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue preservation; Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; Kinetics of cell growth; Micro & microcarrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Stem cell technology; Animal cloning; Transgenic animals; Knock-out and knock-in animals. |
| Microbes | Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites – biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; Large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; Clinical-, food- and industrial-microbiology; Screening strategies for new products. |
Section 7: Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
To study the topics in Section 7: Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology for the GATE Biotechnology exam, start by Recombinant DNA Technology, focus on the types and functions of restriction enzymes, various vectors, and the methods of gene isolation, cloning, and production of recombinant proteins. Study the different types of vectors and their uses.
For Molecular Tools, understand the principles and applications of PCR, DNA/RNA labeling and sequencing, blotting techniques, and gene transfer technologies including CRISPR-Cas. In Analytical Tools, learn the principles of various microscopy and spectroscopy methods, electrophoresis, microarrays, and different types of immunoassays. For Computational Tools, study the basics of bioinformatics, including the use of databases, sequence analysis, genomics, proteomics, and structural prediction.
| Topic | Subtopics |
|---|---|
| Recombinant DNA Technology | Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors – plasmids, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes; Expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library; Gene isolation and cloning, strategies for production of recombinant proteins; Transposons and gene targeting. |
| Molecular Tools | Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/RNA labeling and sequencing; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer technologies; CRISPR-Cas; Biosensing and biosensors. |
| Analytical Tools | Principles of microscopy – light, electron, fluorescent and confocal; Principles of spectroscopy – UV, visible, CD, IR, fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR; Electrophoresis; Microarrays; Enzymatic assays; Immunoassays – ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry; immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome and ChIP-sequencing. |
| Computational Tools | Bioinformatics resources and search tools; Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis – sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; Gene prediction; Functional annotation; Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; Knowledge discovery in biochemical databases; Metagenomics; Metabolic engineering and systems biology. |
GATE 2025 Biotechnology Exam Pattern
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Examination Mode | The test papers will be in English. Computer Based Test (CBT) |
| Duration | 3 Hours |
| Number of Subjects (Papers) | 30 |
| Sections | General Aptitude (GA) + Candidate’s Selected Subjects |
| Type of Questions | Candidate’s Selected Subject(s) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) and/or Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions |
| Questions for testing these abilities | Recall Comprehension Application Analysis & Synthesis |
| Distribution of Marks | General Aptitude: 15 marks Subject Questions: 85 marks Total: 100 marks |
| Marking Scheme | Questions carry 1 mark or 2 marks |
| Negative Marking | For a wrong answer chosen in an MCQ, there will be negative marking. For a 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. For a 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. There is no negative marking for wrong answer(s) to MSQ or NAT questions. There is no partial marking in MSQ. |
GATE Biotechnology Cut-Off
The GATE Biotechnology cut off will be announced after the exam. This cut off is the minimum score needed to pass the exam, apply for PSU jobs through GATE, or participate in counseling for admission into IITs, NITs, and other institutions for higher studies.
In the meantime, candidates should review the previous year’s GATE Biotechnology cut off scores in the table below to understand the minimum marks pattern.
| GATE Biotechnology Cut Off | ||||
| Exam Year | GATE Paper Name and Code | General | OBC | SC/ST/PD |
| GATE 2023 | Biotechnology (BT) | 31.6 | 28.4 | 21.0 |
| GATE 2022 | Biotechnology (BT) | 35.5 | 31.9 | 23.6 |
| GATE 2021 | Biotechnology (BT) | 30 | 27 | 20 |
| GATE 2020 | Biotechnology (BT) | 30.7 | 27.6 | 20.4 |
| GATE 2019 | Biotechnology (BT) | 35.9 | 32.3 | 23.9 |
| GATE 2018 | Biotechnology (BT) | 27.9 | 25.1 | 18.5 |
| GATE 2017 | Biotechnology (BT) | 38.9 | 35 | 25.9 |
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF 2025
The GATE Biotechnology exam consists of three sections i.e., General Aptitude, Engineering Mathematics, and core Biotechnology subjects. The weightage of General Aptitude, and Engineering Mathematics & Biotechnology is 15% and 85% respectively. The detailed topics of GATE Biotechnology syllabus are as follows.
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
- Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and Eigen
- vectors.
- Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability; Partial derivatives, maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence.
- Differential Equations: Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms.
- Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.
- Numerical Methods: Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; Single step method for differential equations.
Section 2: General Biology
- Biochemistry: Biomolecules – structure and function; Biological membranes – structure, membrane channels and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; Basic concepts and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids; Photosynthesis, respiration and electron transport chain.
- Enzymes – Classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics – Michaelis-Menten equation; Enzyme inhibition – competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition.
- Microbiology: Bacterial classification and diversity; Microbial Ecology – microbes in marine, fresh water and terrestrial ecosystems; Microbial interactions; Viruses – structure and classification; Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition; Nitrogen fixation; Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance.
- Immunology: Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity; Antibody structure and function; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; T cell and B cell development; Antigen-antibody reaction; Complement; Primary and secondary lymphoid organs; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; Regulation of immune response; Immune tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction; Immunization and vaccines.
Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Microbial genetics – transformation, transduction and conjugation; Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements; Chromosomal variation; Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution; Genetic drift; Species and speciation.
- Cell Biology: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell-cell communication; Cell signaling and signal transduction; Post-translational modifications; Protein trafficking; Cell death and autophagy; Extra-cellular matrix.
- Molecular Biology: Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis; Regulation of gene expression; Nucleic acid – replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair.
Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
- Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems: Material and energy balances for reactive and non-reactive systems; Recycle, bypass and purge processes; Stoichiometry of growth and product formation; Degree of reduction, electron balance and theoretical oxygen demand.
- Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics: Laws of thermodynamics; Solution thermodynamics; Phase equilibria, reaction equilibria; Ligand binding; Membrane potential; Energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation and reduction reactions.
- Transport Processes: Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow – laminar and turbulent; Mixing in bioreactors, mixing time; Molecular diffusion and film theory; Oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor, kLa and its measurement; Conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD, overall heat transfer coefficient; Heat exchangers.
Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
- Bioreaction Engineering: Rate law, zero and first-order kinetics; Ideal reactors – batch, mixed flow and plug flow; Enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects – Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkoehler number; Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization and product formation; Structured and unstructured models; Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; Microbial and enzyme reactors; Optimization and scale up.
- Upstream and Downstream Processing: Media formulation and optimization; Sterilization of air and media; Filtration – membrane filtration, ultrafiltration; Centrifugation – high speed and ultra; Cell disruption; Principles of chromatography – ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC; Extraction, adsorption and drying.
- Instrumentation and Process Control: Pressure, temperature and flow measurement devices; Valves; First order and second order systems; Feedback and feed-forward control; Types of controllers – proportional, derivative and integral control, tuning of controllers.
Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology
- Plants: Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture and cell suspension culture system – methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites; Hairy root culture; Plant products of industrial importance; Artificial seeds; Somaclonal variation; Protoplast, protoplast fusion – somatic hybrid and cybrid; Transgenic plants – direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; Selection marker and reporter gene; Plastid transformation.
- Animals: Culture media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue preservation; Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; Kinetics of cell growth; Micro & microcarrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Stem cell technology; Animal cloning; Transgenic animals; Knock-out and knock-in animals.
- Microbes: Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites – Biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; Large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; Clinical-, food- and industrial- microbiology; Screening strategies for new products.
Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology
- Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors – plasmids, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes; Expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library; Gene isolation and cloning, strategies for production of recombinant proteins; Transposons and gene targeting.
- Molecular tools: Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/RNA labeling and sequencing; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer technologies; CRISPR-Cas; Biosensing and biosensors.
- Analytical tools: Principles of microscopy – light, electron, fluorescent and confocal; Principles of spectroscopy – UV, visible, CD, IR, fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR; Electrophoresis; Microarrays; Enzymatic assays; Immunoassays – ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry; immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome and ChIP-sequencing.
- Computational tools: Bioinformatics resources and search tools; Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis – sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; Gene prediction; Functional annotation; Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; Knowledge discovery in biochemical databases; Metagenomics; Metabolic engineering and systems biology.
How to Prepare for the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2025?
Candidates must follow a strategic approach to excel in the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2025. Here are some tips for effective GATE Biotechnology Syllabus preparation for the Biotechnology paper:
- Understand the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus: First, go through the complete GATE Biotechnology Syllabus and pick out the most important topics. This will help identify which areas need extra attention. Prioritize your study plan to cover these key topics first.
- Create a Study Plan: After analyzing the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus, make a comprehensive study plan that includes all the topics. Allocate time for each topic based on your needs.
- Conceptual Understanding: Focus on understanding the fundamental principles of each topic rather than just memorizing them. Conceptual understanding GATE Biotechnology Syllabus is crucial for cracking the GATE exam.
- Solve Previous Year Papers: Solve previous years’ papers to understand the exam pattern and question types. This practice will help identify your strong and weak areas and give you a good idea of important topics.
- Take Mock Tests: Regularly take mock tests to familiarize yourself with the real exam environment. Analyze your performance after each test, identify areas needing improvement, and work on them. This will also enhance your time management skills.
GATE 2025 Biotechnology Exam Dates Schedule
| GATE 2025 Exam Date Schedule (Expected) | |
|---|---|
| Particulars | GATE 2025 Exam Dates |
| Activation of GATE 2025 Online Application Processing System (GOAPS) | August 2024, Tentative |
| Last Date to Register for GATE Biotechnology 2025 (Without Late Fee) | October 2024, Tentative |
| Last Date to Register for GATE Biotechnology 2025 (With Late Fee) | October 2024, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Application Modification Timeline | November 2024, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Admit Card Release Date | January 2025, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Exam Date | February 1, 2, 15 & 16, 2025 (Out) |
| Availability of GATE Biotechnology 2025 Response Sheet | February 2025, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Answer Key Release Date | February 2025, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Answer Key Challenge Window | February 2025, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Result Announcement | March 2025, Tentative |
| GATE Biotechnology 2025 Scorecard Availability | March 2025, Tentative |
GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is scheduled for February 3, 4, 10, and 11 for 30 subjects, including Biotechnology, with a paper code of BT. Applicants preparing for the upcoming BT examination are advised to utilize the GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Papers with Solutions in the final days to score well.
The GATE Biotechnology paper includes based on GATE Biotechnology Syllabus: Engineering Mathematics, General Biology, Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fundamentals of Biological Engineering, Bioprocess, Engineering and Process Biotechnology, Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Technology, Other Tools in Biotechnology.
By solving the GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Papers with Solutions, aspirants can familiarize themselves with the question format and important concepts. For further details, download the official GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Papers with Solutions PDF for the years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 from the table below.
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers 2025 | Download |
|---|---|
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2023 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2022 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2021 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2020 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2019 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2018 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2017 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2016 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2015 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2014 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2013 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2012 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2011 | Download |
| GATE Biotechnology Previous Year Question Papers – 2010 | Download |
How to Crack GATE Biotechnology Exam
Aspirants must organize and strategize their final examination. To help candidates improve their performance in the upcoming GATE 2025 exam, a few last-minute tips are discussed here:
- Know the Exam Pattern and GATE Biotechnology Syllabus: To prepare effectively for the GATE 2025, candidates must first understand the exam structure and GATE Biotechnology Syllabus. It’s essential to be familiar with the paper’s difficulty level, section weightage, and scoring structure. This knowledge helps students plan their study time efficiently.
- Create an Effective Study Schedule: Time management is crucial for cracking the GATE Biotechnology exam on the first attempt. Candidates should create a balanced study schedule, allocating equal time to each subject. The timetable should be realistic and followed rigorously without being too hectic.
- Follow & Utilize Relevant Study Material: Choosing the right study materials is important. Candidates should seek recommendations from top scorers and experts to select up-to-date books and courses that cover all GATE Biotechnology Syllabus portions thoroughly.
- Create Short Notes: While studying, candidates should make concise notes that cover the GATE Biotechnology syllabus comprehensively. These notes should include major topics, key facts, and equations, enabling efficient revision without relying on textbooks.
- Prepare Using Past Year Question Papers: GATE Biotechnology previous year question papers help gauge the exam’s difficulty level and track preparation progress. Attempting these papers helps identify weak areas and boosts confidence.
- Revise Effectively: Regular revision is crucial for reinforcing concepts and clarifying doubts. Candidates should continuously revise their weaker topics to enhance their knowledge.
- Engage in Mock Test Sessions: Based on GATE Biotechnology Syllabus Mock tests improve speed, accuracy, and overall exam preparedness. They help candidates analyze their performance and identify areas needing more focus.
- Stay Healthy and Confident: Maintaining proper health and confidence is vital for scoring well. A balanced lifestyle with physical activity and meditation can enhance efficiency and success chances.
- Final Revision: In the last few days, candidates should revise all topics and sections using their short notes. In the final days, candidates should avoid studying new topics to maintain clarity and accuracy. Monitoring progress through sample tests and past question papers can help sustain and improve performance.
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